|
Author |
Twin Pairs |
Sex |
Criteria |
Concordance |
MZ/DZ |
||
|
MZ |
DZ |
||||||
|
Kaij, 1960 |
174 |
M |
Official records All records Chronic alcoholism |
25.4 53.5 71.4 |
15.8 28.3 32.3 |
1.6 1.9 2.2 |
|
|
Hrubec & Omen, 1981 |
7962 |
M |
V-A records Alcoholism Alcoholic psychosis Cirrhosis |
26.3 21.1 14.6 |
11.9 6.9 5.4 |
2.2 3.5 2.7 |
|
|
Kendler, 1985 |
81 |
M |
V-A records ICD-8 alcoholism |
64.7 |
8.5 |
7.6 |
|
|
Gurling et al., 1981, 1987 |
79 |
M/F |
ICD-8 alcoholism RDC alcoholism |
23.0 30.0 |
36.0 36.0 |
0.6 0.8 |
|
|
Koskenvuo et al., 1984 |
244 |
M |
Hospital admission Death certification ICD-8 alcoholism |
23.1 |
10.8 |
2.1 |
|
|
Pickens et al., 1991 |
154 |
M/F |
DSM-III alcoholism |
|
|||
|
Male |
Abuse |
68 |
46 |
1.5 |
|||
|
Dependence |
40 |
13 |
3.1 |
||||
|
Female |
Abuse |
47 |
42 |
1.1 |
|||
|
Dependence |
29 |
25 |
1.2 |
||||
DSM: Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
ICD: International Classification of Diseases.
RDC: Research Diagnostic Criteria (Spitzer et al., 1978).
V-A: Veterans’ Administration; MZ: Monozygotic; DZ: Dizygotic
(Source: International Handbook of Alcohol Dependence and Problems. Edited
by N. Heather, T. J. Peters and T. Stockwell. 2001).