Psychological Medicine
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12
Now in its fourth decade of publication, Psychological Medicine is a leading international journal in the fields of psychiatry, related aspects of psychology and basic sciences. There are twelve issues a year, each featuring original articles reporting key research being undertaken worldwide, together with shorter editorials by distinguished scholars and an important book review section. The journal's success is clearly demonstrated by a consistently high impact factor.
Now in its fourth decade of publication, Psychological Medicine is a leading international journal in the fields of psychiatry, related aspects of psychology and basic sciences. There are twelve issues a year, each featuring original articles reporting key research being undertaken worldwide, together with shorter editorials by distinguished scholars and an important book review section. The journal's success is clearly demonstrated by a consistently high impact factor.
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Volume 38 Issue 12
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12
Now in its fourth decade of publication, Psychological Medicine is a leading international journal in the fields of psychiatry, related aspects of psychology and basic sciences. There are twelve issues a year, each featuring original articles reporting key research being undertaken worldwide, together with shorter editorials by distinguished scholars and an important book review section. The journal's success is clearly demonstrated by a consistently high impact factor.
Now in its fourth decade of publication, Psychological Medicine is a leading international journal in the fields of psychiatry, related aspects of psychology and basic sciences. There are twelve issues a year, each featuring original articles reporting key research being undertaken worldwide, together with shorter editorials by distinguished scholars and an important book review section. The journal's success is clearly demonstrated by a consistently high impact factor.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
In this issue
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
The emperors of the schizophrenia polygene have no clothes
Review Articles
T. J. Crow,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1681-1685
Abstract
A substantial body of research literature, identified by nine out of ten papers on genetics in the recent ISI research front on schizophrenia, claims to have established associations between aspects of the disease and sequence variation in specific candidate genes. These candidatures have proven unreplicated in large sibling pair linkage surveys and a targeted association study. Even if the case for an association be regarded as a lucky guess (assuming one gene in 30 000 was guessed right) the large linkage and association studies provide no evidence of sequence variation relating to psychosis at any of these gene loci. Thus this body of work must be regarded as an indicator of the extent to which the is able to discern meaning in complex data when none is present.
T. J. Crow,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1681-1685
Abstract
A substantial body of research literature, identified by nine out of ten papers on genetics in the recent ISI research front on schizophrenia, claims to have established associations between aspects of the disease and sequence variation in specific candidate genes. These candidatures have proven unreplicated in large sibling pair linkage surveys and a targeted association study. Even if the case for an association be regarded as a lucky guess (assuming one gene in 30 000 was guessed right) the large linkage and association studies provide no evidence of sequence variation relating to psychosis at any of these gene loci. Thus this body of work must be regarded as an indicator of the extent to which the is able to discern meaning in complex data when none is present.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Schizophrenia: complex genetics, not fairy tales
Brief Report
M. C. O'Donovan, N. Craddock, M. J. Owen,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1697-1699
Abstract
M. C. O'Donovan, N. Craddock, M. J. Owen,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1697-1699
Abstract
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Cumulative social disadvantage, ethnicity and first-episode psychosis: a case-control study
Research Articles
C. Morgan, J. Kirkbride, G. Hutchinson, T. Craig, K. Morgan, P. Dazzan, J. Boydell, G. A. Doody, P. B. Jones, R. M. Murray, J. Leff, P. Fearon,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1701-1715
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have reported high rates of psychosis in the Black Caribbean population in the UK. Recent speculation about the reasons for these high rates has focused on social factors. However, there have been few empirical studies. We sought to compare the prevalence of specific indicators of social disadvantage and isolation, and variations by ethnicity, in subjects with a first episode of psychosis and a series of healthy controls.
C. Morgan, J. Kirkbride, G. Hutchinson, T. Craig, K. Morgan, P. Dazzan, J. Boydell, G. A. Doody, P. B. Jones, R. M. Murray, J. Leff, P. Fearon,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1701-1715
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have reported high rates of psychosis in the Black Caribbean population in the UK. Recent speculation about the reasons for these high rates has focused on social factors. However, there have been few empirical studies. We sought to compare the prevalence of specific indicators of social disadvantage and isolation, and variations by ethnicity, in subjects with a first episode of psychosis and a series of healthy controls.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Is alexithymia a personality trait increasing the risk of depression? A prospective study evaluating alexithymia before, during and after a depressive episode
Research Articles
C. Marchesi, S. Bertoni, A. Cantoni, C. Maggini,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1717-1722
Abstract
Background Whether alexithymia is a personality trait that increases the risk of major depression (MD) is still debated. In this prospective study, alexithymic levels were evaluated before, during and after a depressive episode.
C. Marchesi, S. Bertoni, A. Cantoni, C. Maggini,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1717-1722
Abstract
Background Whether alexithymia is a personality trait that increases the risk of major depression (MD) is still debated. In this prospective study, alexithymic levels were evaluated before, during and after a depressive episode.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of depression in an elderly population living with family members in Beijing, China
Research Articles
X. Ma, Y.-T. Xiang, S.-R. Li, Y.-Q. Xiang, H.-L. Guo, Y.-Z. Hou, Z.-J. Cai, Z.-B. Li, Z.-J. Li, Y.-F. Tao, W.-M. Dang, X.-M. Wu, J. Deng, G. S. Ungvari, H. F. K. Chiu,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1723-1730
Abstract
Background To date, there has been no large-scale survey of geriatric depression (GD) involving both rural and urban areas in China using standardized assessment tools and diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to determine the 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of GD and sociodemographic correlates in urban and rural regions of Beijing, China.
X. Ma, Y.-T. Xiang, S.-R. Li, Y.-Q. Xiang, H.-L. Guo, Y.-Z. Hou, Z.-J. Cai, Z.-B. Li, Z.-J. Li, Y.-F. Tao, W.-M. Dang, X.-M. Wu, J. Deng, G. S. Ungvari, H. F. K. Chiu,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1723-1730
Abstract
Background To date, there has been no large-scale survey of geriatric depression (GD) involving both rural and urban areas in China using standardized assessment tools and diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to determine the 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of GD and sociodemographic correlates in urban and rural regions of Beijing, China.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Marital resemblance for obsessive–compulsive, anxious and depressive symptoms in a population-based sample
Research Articles
D. S. van Grootheest, S. M. van den Berg, D. C. Cath, G. Willemsen, D. I. Boomsma,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1731-1740
Abstract
Background Resemblance between spouses can be due to phenotypic assortment, social homogamy and/or marital interaction. A significant degree of assortment can have consequences for the genetic architecture of a population. We examined the existence and cause(s) of assortment for obsessive compulsive (OC), anxious and depressive symptoms in a population-based twin-family sample.
D. S. van Grootheest, S. M. van den Berg, D. C. Cath, G. Willemsen, D. I. Boomsma,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1731-1740
Abstract
Background Resemblance between spouses can be due to phenotypic assortment, social homogamy and/or marital interaction. A significant degree of assortment can have consequences for the genetic architecture of a population. We examined the existence and cause(s) of assortment for obsessive compulsive (OC), anxious and depressive symptoms in a population-based twin-family sample.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
The inability to ignore: distractibility in women with restricting anorexia nervosa
Research Articles
H. Dickson, S. Brooks, R. Uher, K. Tchanturia, J. Treasure, I. C. Campbell,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1741-1748
Abstract
Background Attentional difficulties reported in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) may be due to preferential processing of disease-salient stimuli at a pre-attentive or at a conscious level or to a general problem in attention. Attentional difficulties may be associated with duration of illness.
H. Dickson, S. Brooks, R. Uher, K. Tchanturia, J. Treasure, I. C. Campbell,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1741-1748
Abstract
Background Attentional difficulties reported in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) may be due to preferential processing of disease-salient stimuli at a pre-attentive or at a conscious level or to a general problem in attention. Attentional difficulties may be associated with duration of illness.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Ovarian hormones and binge eating: exploring associations in community samples
Research Articles
K. L. Klump, P. K. Keel, K. M. Culbert, C. Edler,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1749-1757
Abstract
Background Significant associations between changes in ovarian hormones and binge eating are present across the menstrual cycle in women with bulimia nervosa. However, no study has examined these relationships in a non-clinical sample, despite the need for these data for designing risk-factor studies.
K. L. Klump, P. K. Keel, K. M. Culbert, C. Edler,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1749-1757
Abstract
Background Significant associations between changes in ovarian hormones and binge eating are present across the menstrual cycle in women with bulimia nervosa. However, no study has examined these relationships in a non-clinical sample, despite the need for these data for designing risk-factor studies.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
The development of fears from early adolesence to young adulthood: a multivariate study
Research Articles
K. S. Kendler, C. O. Gardner, P. Annas, P. Lichtenstein,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1759-1769
Abstract
Background Common fears change over development. Genetic and environmental risk factors for fears are partly shared across fears and partly fear-specific. The nature of the changes in common and fear-specific genetic and environmental risk factors over time is unknown.
K. S. Kendler, C. O. Gardner, P. Annas, P. Lichtenstein,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1759-1769
Abstract
Background Common fears change over development. Genetic and environmental risk factors for fears are partly shared across fears and partly fear-specific. The nature of the changes in common and fear-specific genetic and environmental risk factors over time is unknown.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Dissociative responses to conscious and non-conscious fear impact underlying brain function in post-traumatic stress disorder
Research Articles
K. Felmingham, A. H. Kemp, L. Williams, E. Falconer, G. Olivieri, A. Peduto, R. Bryant,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1771-1780
Abstract
Background Dissociative reactions in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been regarded as strategic responses that limit arousal. Neuroimaging studies suggest distinct prefrontal responses in individuals displaying dissociative and hyperarousal responses to threat in PTSD. Increased prefrontal activity may reflect enhanced regulation of limbic arousal networks in dissociation. If dissociation is a higher-order regulatory response to threat, there may be differential responses to conscious and automatic processing of threat stimuli. This study addresses this question by examining the impact of dissociation on fear processing at different levels of awareness.
K. Felmingham, A. H. Kemp, L. Williams, E. Falconer, G. Olivieri, A. Peduto, R. Bryant,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1771-1780
Abstract
Background Dissociative reactions in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been regarded as strategic responses that limit arousal. Neuroimaging studies suggest distinct prefrontal responses in individuals displaying dissociative and hyperarousal responses to threat in PTSD. Increased prefrontal activity may reflect enhanced regulation of limbic arousal networks in dissociation. If dissociation is a higher-order regulatory response to threat, there may be differential responses to conscious and automatic processing of threat stimuli. This study addresses this question by examining the impact of dissociation on fear processing at different levels of awareness.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Cognitive and neurobiological alterations in electromagnetic hypersensitive patients: results of a case-control study
Research Articles
M. Landgrebe, U. Frick, S. Hauser, B. Langguth, R. Rosner, G. Hajak, P. Eichhammer,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1781-1791
Abstract
Background Hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EMF) is frequently claimed to be linked to a variety of non-specific somatic and neuropsychological complaints. Whereas provocation studies often failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between EMF exposure and symptom formation, recent studies point to a complex interplay of neurophysiological and cognitive alterations contributing to symptom manifestation in electromagnetic hypersensitive patients (EHS). However, these studies have examined only small sample sizes or have focused on selected aspects. Therefore this study examined in the largest sample of EHS EMF-specific cognitive correlates, discrimination ability and neurobiological parameters in order to get further insight into the pathophysiology of electromagnetic hypersensitivity.
M. Landgrebe, U. Frick, S. Hauser, B. Langguth, R. Rosner, G. Hajak, P. Eichhammer,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1781-1791
Abstract
Background Hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EMF) is frequently claimed to be linked to a variety of non-specific somatic and neuropsychological complaints. Whereas provocation studies often failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between EMF exposure and symptom formation, recent studies point to a complex interplay of neurophysiological and cognitive alterations contributing to symptom manifestation in electromagnetic hypersensitive patients (EHS). However, these studies have examined only small sample sizes or have focused on selected aspects. Therefore this study examined in the largest sample of EHS EMF-specific cognitive correlates, discrimination ability and neurobiological parameters in order to get further insight into the pathophysiology of electromagnetic hypersensitivity.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
How should we construct psychiatric family history scores? A comparison of alternative approaches from the Dunedin Family Health History Study
Research Articles
B. J. Milne, T. E. Moffitt, R. Crump, R. Poulton, M. Rutter, M. R. Sears, A. Taylor, A. Caspi,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1793-1802
Abstract
Background There is increased interest in assessing the family history of psychiatric disorders for both genetic research and public health screening. It is unclear how best to combine family history reports into an overall score. We compare the predictive validity of different family history scores.
B. J. Milne, T. E. Moffitt, R. Crump, R. Poulton, M. Rutter, M. R. Sears, A. Taylor, A. Caspi,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1793-1802
Abstract
Background There is increased interest in assessing the family history of psychiatric disorders for both genetic research and public health screening. It is unclear how best to combine family history reports into an overall score. We compare the predictive validity of different family history scores.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Does age at adoption and geographic origin matter? A national cohort study of cognitive test performance in adult inter-country adoptees
Research Articles
A. Odenstad, A. Hjern, F. Lindblad, F. Rasmussen, B. Vinnerljung, M. Dalen,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1803-1814
Abstract
Background Inter-country adoptees run risks of developmental and health-related problems. Cognitive ability is one important indicator of adoptees' development, both as an outcome measure itself and as a potential mediator between early adversities and ill-health. The aim of this study was to analyse relations between proxies for adoption-related circumstances and cognitive development.
A. Odenstad, A. Hjern, F. Lindblad, F. Rasmussen, B. Vinnerljung, M. Dalen,
Psychological Medicine, Volume 38 Issue 12 , pp 1803-1814
Abstract
Background Inter-country adoptees run risks of developmental and health-related problems. Cognitive ability is one important indicator of adoptees' development, both as an outcome measure itself and as a potential mediator between early adversities and ill-health. The aim of this study was to analyse relations between proxies for adoption-related circumstances and cognitive development.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Hallucinations: The Science of Idiosyncratic Perception . By A. Aleman and F. Laroi. (Pp. 317; $69.95; ISBN 978-1-4338-0311-6 hb.) American Psychological Association: Washington, DC. 2008.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Handbook of Depression in Children and Adolescents . Edited by J. R. Z. Abela and B. L. Hankin. (Pp. 529; $65.00; ISBN 1-59385-582-6.) Guilford Publications: New York. 2007.
Categories: Psychiatry Journals
Correspondence
Categories: Psychiatry Journals