SEXUAL SELECTION IN MAN.
The External Sensory Stimuli Affecting Selection in Man—The Four Senses
Involved.
Tumescence—the process by which the organism is brought into the physical
and psychic state necessary to insure conjugation and detumescence—to
some extent comes about through the spontaneous action of internal forces.
To that extent it is analogous to the physical and psychic changes which
accompany the gradual filling of the bladder and precede its evacuation.
But even among animals who are by no means high in the zoölogical scale
the process is more complicated than this. External stimuli act at every
stage, arousing or heightening the process of tumescence, and in normal
human beings it may be said that the process is never completed without
the aid of such stimuli, for even in the auto-erotic sphere external
stimuli are still active, either actually or in imagination.
The chief stimuli which influence tumescence and thus direct sexual choice
come chiefly—indeed, exclusively—through the four senses of touch,
smell, hearing, and sight. All the phenomena of sexual selection, so far
as they are based externally, act through these four senses.[1] The
reality of the influence thus exerted may be demonstrated statistically
even in civilized man, and it has been shown that, as regards, for
instance, eye-color, conjugal partners differ sensibly from the unmarried
persons by whom they are surrounded. When, therefore, we are exploring the
nature of the influence which stimuli, acting through the sensory
channels, exert on the strength and direction of the sexual impulse, we
are intimately concerned with the process by which the actual form and
color, not alone of living things generally, but of our own species, have
been shaped and are still being shaped. At the same time, it is probable,
we are exploring the mystery which underlies all the subtle appreciations,
all the emotional undertones, which are woven in the web of the whole
world as it appeals to us through those sensory passages by which alone it
can reach us. We are here approaching, therefore, a fundamental subject of
unsurpassable importance, a subject which has not yet been accurately
explored save at a few isolated points and one which it is therefore
impossible to deal with fully and adequately. Yet it cannot be passed
over, for it enters into the whole psychology of the sexual instinct.
Of the four senses—touch, smell, hearing, and sight—with which we are
here concerned, touch is the most primitive, and it may be said to be the
most important, though it is usually the last to make its appeal felt.
Smell, which occupies the chief place among many animals, is of
comparatively less importance, though of considerable interest, in man; it
is only less intimate and final than touch. Sight occupies an intermediate
position, and on this account, and also on account of the very great part
played by vision in life generally as well as in art, it is the most
important of all the senses from the human sexual point of view. Hearing,
from the same point of view, is the most remote of all the senses in its
appeal to the sexual impulse, and on that account it is, when it
intervenes, among the first to make its influence felt.
[1]
Taste must, I believe, be excluded, for if we abstract the
parts of touch and smell, even in those abnormal sexual acts in which it
may seem to be affected, taste could scarcely have any influence. Most of
our "tasting," as Waller puts it, is done by the nose, which, in man, is
in specially close relationship, posteriorly, with the mouth. There are at
most four taste sensations—sweet, bitter, salt, and sour—if even all of
these are simple tastes. What commonly pass for taste sensations, as shown
by some experiments of G. T. W. Patrick (Psychological Review, 1898, p.
160), are the composite results of the mingling of sensations of smell,
touch, temperature, sight, and taste. |
